Allergies rarely show up as just one symptom. If you’re dealing with a mix of congestion, sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and sinus pressure, the right over-the-counter (OTC) combo can make a big difference. Here are 10 evidence-based OTC options and how to match them to your symptoms safely.
Note: This article is educational and not a substitute for medical advice. Check labels, use as directed, and ask a clinician or pharmacist if you have health conditions, are pregnant, or take other medicines.
- Intranasal corticosteroid sprays (best all-around control)
- What they help: Nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, itching; can lessen eye symptoms for some.
- Examples: Fluticasone propionate (Flonase), fluticasone furoate (Flonase Sensimist), triamcinolone (Nasacort), budesonide (Rhinocort).
- Why they’re first-line: Clinical guidelines consider them the most effective single therapy for allergic rhinitis across symptoms, especially congestion (Rhinitis 2020 practice parameter) AAAAI.
- How to use: Daily, not just as needed. Full effect builds over several days; technique matters (aim nozzle slightly outward, away from the septum).
- Watch-outs: Nosebleeds/irritation possible. Generally safe long-term at OTC doses; ask a clinician for kids or prolonged use ACAAI.
- Second-generation oral antihistamines (fast relief for itch/sneeze/drip)
- What they help: Sneezing, itchy nose/throat/eyes, runny nose; less helpful for congestion.
- Examples: Cetirizine (Zyrtec), levocetirizine (Xyzal), fexofenadine (Allegra), loratadine (Claritin).
- Why choose them: Effective for histamine-driven symptoms with less drowsiness than older antihistamines ACAAI.
- How to use: Once daily for steady control; fexofenadine works best when taken with water (not fruit juice).
- Watch-outs: Cetirizine/levocetirizine can cause drowsiness in some. Avoid combining multiple antihistamines unless advised.
- Intranasal antihistamine sprays (quick, targeted nose relief)
- What they help: Nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching; often faster onset than intranasal steroids.
- Example: Azelastine (Astepro) is now available OTC in the U.S. FDA.
- Why consider: Useful as monotherapy or add-on to a nasal steroid when symptoms break through AAAAI.
- How to use: 1–2 sprays per nostril as directed; benefits can start within minutes.
- Watch-outs: Bitter taste and mild drowsiness can occur.
- Oral antihistamine + decongestant combos (for congestion plus itch/sneeze)
- What they help: Combines antihistamine benefits with decongestant relief.
- Examples: Loratadine + pseudoephedrine (Claritin-D), cetirizine + pseudoephedrine (Zyrtec-D), fexofenadine + pseudoephedrine (Allegra-D).
- Evidence note: Pseudoephedrine has decongestant efficacy; the FDA advisory committee concluded in 2023 that available data do not support effectiveness of oral phenylephrine for nasal congestion FDA advisory committee meeting.
- How to use: Daytime formulas usually contain non-drowsy antihistamines; “-D” indicates a decongestant.
- Watch-outs: Pseudoephedrine can raise blood pressure/heart rate and cause insomnia; it’s sold “behind the counter” in many states. Avoid if you have certain heart conditions unless approved by your clinician MedlinePlus.
- Standalone oral decongestants (target stubborn nasal blockage)
- What they help: Short-term nasal and sinus congestion.
- Example: Pseudoephedrine.
- Why use: Useful for short bursts (e.g., high-pollen days) when congestion dominates.
- How to use: Short courses at the lowest effective dose.
- Watch-outs: Same cautions as above; avoid near bedtime. Be cautious with thyroid disease, glaucoma, prostate enlargement, and certain antidepressants; ask a clinician or pharmacist MedlinePlus.
- Ketotifen allergy eye drops (itchy, watery eyes)
- What they help: Ocular itching, tearing, redness from allergic conjunctivitis.
- Examples: Ketotifen 0.025% (Zaditor, Alaway, generics); some olopatadine strengths are OTC, too.
- Why choose: Dual-action antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer; fast and lasts 8–12 hours MedlinePlus.
- How to use: 1 drop in affected eye(s) twice daily as directed; remove contacts before use.
- Watch-outs: Don’t mix with “redness-relief only” drops that lack antihistamine activity.
- Saline nasal irrigation or sprays (rinse allergens, thin mucus)
- What they help: Congestion, postnasal drip, and nasal irritation by mechanically flushing allergens.
- Forms: Isotonic saline sprays; squeeze-bottle or neti pot rinses with sterile/distilled water.
- Evidence: Can improve symptoms and quality of life for rhinitis/sinus issues when used correctly ENT Health (AAO-HNS).
- How to use: Daily or as needed; always use distilled/sterile or properly boiled-and-cooled water.
- Watch-outs: Poor water hygiene can lead to serious infection risk; follow device instructions.
- Intranasal cromolyn (prevention-focused)
- What it helps: Prevents allergic nasal symptoms by stabilizing mast cells.
- Example: Cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom).
- Why use: Very safe and non-drowsy; best when started before allergen exposure and used several times daily MedlinePlus.
- How to use: 1 spray per nostril 3–4 times daily during allergy season.
- Watch-outs: Requires frequent dosing; onset is slower than antihistamines/steroids.
- Topical nasal decongestant sprays (very short-term rescue)
- What they help: Rapid relief of severe congestion.
- Examples: Oxymetazoline (Afrin), phenylephrine nasal sprays.
- How to use: Up to every 10–12 hours (oxymetazoline) for no more than 3 days.
- Watch-outs: Longer use can cause rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa) MedlinePlus.
- “Multi-symptom” allergy formulas (convenient—but read the Drug Facts)
- What they help: Combine several actives to cover multiple symptoms (e.g., antihistamine + decongestant ± pain reliever).
- Why consider: One pill or liquid can simplify dosing when you truly need all included ingredients.
- Watch-outs:
- Check the Drug Facts label to avoid duplicate ingredients (e.g., taking a combo plus a separate antihistamine) FDA Drug Facts Label.
- Many combos rely on oral phenylephrine for “congestion,” which an FDA advisory committee concluded is not effective as an oral decongestant; choose products with pseudoephedrine if decongestant therapy is appropriate for you FDA advisory committee meeting.
How to combine safely for multi-symptom relief
- Start with an intranasal corticosteroid for daily control if nasal symptoms persist through the season.
- Add a second-gen oral antihistamine for itch/sneeze/runny nose days.
- For breakthrough congestion, consider short-term pseudoephedrine or a brief course of topical oxymetazoline (max 3 days).
- Eye symptoms? Add ketotifen drops.
- Rinse with saline once daily to reduce allergen load and improve comfort.
- Avoid stacking multiple antihistamines or multiple decongestants. Always read the Drug Facts label and ask a pharmacist if unsure FDA.
When to see a clinician
- Daily symptoms >2–4 weeks despite optimized OTC use.
- Severe congestion, recurrent sinus infections, or asthma symptoms.
- Children, pregnancy, high blood pressure, heart disease, glaucoma, thyroid disease, prostate enlargement, or significant medication interactions.
- Considering allergen immunotherapy (shots or prescription tablets) for long-term control.
Sources
- Rhinitis 2020: A practice parameter update (AAAAI/ACAAI Joint Task Force): https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/Media-Library-PDFs/Allergist%20Resources/Statements%20and%20Practice%20Parameters/Rhinitis-2020-A-practice-parameter-update.pdf
- Antihistamines overview (ACAAI): https://acaai.org/allergies/allergy-treatment/medications/antihistamines/
- Nasal corticosteroids (ACAAI): https://acaai.org/allergies/allergy-treatment/medications/nasal-corticosteroids/
- FDA approves first OTC nasal antihistamine (Astepro): https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-over-counter-nasal-antihistamine
- FDA Nonprescription Drugs Advisory Committee meeting on oral phenylephrine (Sept 2023): https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/september-11-12-2023-nonprescription-drugs-advisory-committee-meeting-announcement-09112023-09122023
- Pseudoephedrine safety and use (MedlinePlus): https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682619.html
- Ketotifen ophthalmic (MedlinePlus): https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a602024.html
- Cromolyn nasal (MedlinePlus): https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601070.html
- Oxymetazoline nasal and rebound risk (MedlinePlus): https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601067.html
- Nasal irrigation safety (ENT Health, AAO-HNS): https://www.enthealth.org/be_ent_smart/nasal-irrigation/
- How to read the OTC Drug Facts label (FDA): https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/drug-facts-label